2024 Review 3: Returns

 1) Total Asset Growth

Total asset growth is 25% this year, mainly boosted by equity returns. As I stopped working in 2023, there is no wage income this year. 

2) Asset Composition / Allocation

Allocation-wise, I stick to mainly 60% equities - 40% non-equities over the years. 

	Cash	Monies in CPF	Fixed Deposit / T-Bills / Bond ETFs*	Stocks*
2019	12%	23%	8%	57%
2020	9%	23%	2%	66%
2021	13%	21%	4%	61%
2022	12%	22%	11%	55%
2023	7%	9%	21%	63%
2024	11%	11%	18%	59%
*Including those bought using SRS / CPF

This year, the equities allocation has dropped, as I divested my world index fund holdings around Aug 2024. Monies in CPF holdings rose, as I did not buy further T-bill after earlier T-bills bought via CPF earlier matured. 

My stocks are broken down into 2-3 parts. CPF-OA Stock Portfolio rose due to CPF funds used to buy Reits and Reits ETF.

	Stocks
	Stock Portfolio (Cash)	SRS / CPF-OA Stock Portfolio	Index ETF (Cash)
2022	73%	11%	17%
2023	74%	11%	16%
2024	85%	15%	0%

3) Stock Portfolio (Cash) Return

This year's return is 45%, outperforming STI and IWDA. The outperformance is mainly due to HK market's good performance this year. 

Year	% Returns	STI (incl Dividends)	IWDA ETF
2020	3.6%	-7.5%	16.5%
2021	14.7%	12.5%	22.9%
2022	-13.7%	7.6%	-18.6%
2023	4.5%	4.0%	24.5%
2024	45.2%	21.9%	27.1%

3.1) Composition

HK shares form the bulk of the portfolio. The 'other stocks' refer to LVMH. 

I also split the stocks by type or reason for buying it. 'Hedging' refer to CNOOC and Barrick Gold bought as slight hedge against inflation. 

3.2) Position Sizing

My number of positions are relatively unchanged, while the Top 10 concentration dropped to 58%. 

	Number of Stocks	Top 10 position size
At end 2016	21
At end 2020	39	46%
At end 2021	19	71%
At end 2022	18	72%
At end 2023	24	68%
At end 2024	25	58%

My top 5 positions are as followed. 

12%	Tencent
8%	Ping An
7%	Plower Bay Tech
6%	FUTU
6%	Yum China

3.3) Slight update at end of year

Purchase: 

Barrick Gold, bought at $16.75, due to exercise of sold put option. The position is small and it is bought as hedge against inflation. 

Sale: 

Shanghai Conant, sold all at $22. Its share price has run up recently from $15 to $22, due to its involvement in AR/VR glasses. Decide to take profit, as the price seems a bit expensive and it is not a core holding. 

4) Thoughts for 2025

Based on past history, after 1-2 good years of returns, my stock portfolio will suffer some negative drawdown the following year. 

Hence, after a good 40+% stock portfolio returns in 2024, there's a chance of negative return in 2025. Nonetheless, I feel that HK market should have some upside in 2025, given the negativity in last few years, esp if Chinese govt can roll out large fiscal stimulus and stabilise its real estate market. 

If 2025 also provides good stock returns, the chances of negative returns in 2026 rose signficantly and it may be prudent to increase allocation to non-equities in end-2025. 

2024 Review 2: Notes on 2024

 1) Selling Option

I felt that it was a bad idea to sell options to earn income. Nonetheless, I continue to sell options, as I was greedy for some small income. 

I sold put options this year, in hope that if the option was exercised, I can buy the stock at lower price. If the option was not exercised, as share price went up, I earn some small income. The downside is that it robs me of buying at lower price when price falls. It also robs me of the option of not buying the stock if there are bad news subsequently. 

Nonetheless, I managed to earn slightly more than $11K selling options (and not exercised subsequently). More than half of the profits are due to the sale of FUTU call option (at $120 strike price) during early Oct bull market for Chinese stocks. 

2) Unexpected best performer 

My best performer was Oiltek. Bought at $0.24. Sold half at $0.66 and the other half trades at $1.05 now. The large gains were unexpected, as I did not expect the price to quadruple. 

The bought position then was around 2.5% of my stock portfolio. I kept the allocation small, as I was not familiar with the business Oiltek was in. 

3) Aggrieved Loss

I bought China Overseas Property (COP) at average prices $5.7 in Jan. Then, it traded at around 14x PE but with good growth and 36% ROE. I was perhaps too eager and built the position too quickly to  10% of my stock portfolio. 

However, its earnings growth dropped subsequently and share price decline. On hindsight, it was in an industry I was not very familiar with. 

Later, I sold it at average prices of $4.7, taking 18% losses. 

Due to above incident, I built my position slower, and did not buy enough of Trip.com before prices ran up. 

4) Buy what you know. Have stricter criteria and smaller position on what-you-don’t-know

Due to (3), it is very important to buy what I know and what I know is very small. For what I don't know much, I started to have more concerns / stricter valuation criteria before I buy and have smaller position. 

5) Two/three strategies in 2024

My purchases in 2024 mainly falls in 3 categories:

A) Quality / Growth plays with maximum 20 PE. 

I am pivoting from buying cheap/yield to buying quality. Over the years, I find that buying cheap / high yield can turn out to be buying craps. 

B) Value plays where net cash / short-term investments is a large proportion of market cap, has high dividend payout ratio and has positive earnings. 

This ensures that even when share prices fall, I am comforted by significant liquid holdings in company's balance sheet. The high dividend payout ratio reduces the risk of value traps. 

C) Yield plays These are of a smaller proportion compared to (A) and (B).

6) Best investment blog encountered

I like the writings in the blog: https://buggyhuman.substack.com/ very much. The author is a co-portfolio manager with the Pulak Prasad (author of 'What I learned about Investing from Darwin' book). 

The blog preaches (A) buying quality business at reasonable prices and (B) hold them for long, long time. 

I found (B) difficult, as I sold off my IBKR position earlier when I found the valuation too expensive. 

7) Most interesting Twitter/X post encountered

"Larry - if all you ever did was buy high-quality stocks on the 200-week moving average, you would beat the S&P 500 by a large margin over time. The problem is, few human beings have that kind of discipline."

Source: https://x.com/Convertbond/status/1832206028697407641

After I saw the twit, I looked at a number of charts on quality stocks. I found that it is not a bad idea to buy quality stocks on 200-week ma. I bought a small stake in LVMH earlier using this rule.

2024 Review 1: On Aug Flash Crash

I make several sales during Aug flash crash. On hindsight, it is better that I did nothing then. I did not buy back the sold position at higher prices, as it is psychologically difficult for me to do so. 

1) Got out of world index fund (VWRA) in Jul. 

Selling price: $133.4

Now: $139.4

Foregone gains: 4.4%

Then, I was a bit uncomfortable with US equity market, as US share prices seems weak, the valuation is expensive. So I sold off my WVRA position to reduce exposure to US equities, as US market is close to 70% of world index fund. 

2) During Aug flash crash, I panicked and got out of multi-factor world index fund (JPGL).  

Selling price: $37.6

Now: $39.1

Foregone gains: 4%

For (1) and (2), the cash from the sale were either used to buy bond ETF or kept in cash in IBKR. I did not buy back the sold position, as I still think that US market is expensive. 

3) During Aug flash crash, I also sold United Overseas Bank (UOB) shares. 

Selling price: $29.94

Now: $35.84

Foregone gains: 19.7%

Money obtained from the sale are used to purchased China Aviation Oil whose share price did not go up by much.

Then, I thought that there is chance that US enters recession and interest rate may fall significantly. Lower interest rate implies lower net interest margin and thus lower profits for banks. Hence I sold UOB. The later events show that my thinking is wrong. 

Nonetheless, I did not buy back the sold position, as UOB share price went up and I do not have any intention to buy UOB at current prices. 

4) Sold 40% of my position in Plower Bay Tech.

This is to raise cash, so that I have bigger warchest to deploy if world equity market falls further. 

I bought back the sold shares at similar prices subsequently. Hence, no gains/losses.

Now, during this week's US market drop, I did not sell anything. Probably because 

- the market did not fall by much

- I do not have much exposure to US market. 

- I don't think US market will enter 10% correction, given its strong economic growth and positive sentiments around US exceptionalism.

Thoughts on 2025

I can't predict the future. My predictions are often wrong.

I feel that 2025 will be a year of uncertainty

On US

Many strategist felt that in 2025, US equity markets will provide positive returns but less than 2024, despite its current high valuation. 

Some people felt that US will have a correction in 2025, because

- Money rotate from expensive US to cheaper non-US markets

- US may have high inflation from Trump's tarriffs

US economic growth has been stronger than expected in 2024. China economist, Li Daokui, felt that US economy is over-heating, as its unemployment rate is 3-4% now and its medium unemployment rate in the past is 7%. Some US economists noted that the strong US economic growth is due to its govt 6-7% budget deficit spending. 

I feel that US economic growth may slow in 2025, given the slower economic growth in other parts of the world, the likelihood of lower US govt spending (US govt need to cut down its budget deficit), fewer Fed cuts. 

On China

Personally, I felt that China govt has pivoted its policy and will push out more fiscal stimulus in 2025. The question is that will the fiscal stimulus be enough? 

On HK/China markets, given the current valuation, the downside may be small while the upside could be fairly large if the fiscal stimulus met market expectations. So it is a case of 'heads, I lose small, tails I win big'. 

However, given that China has been reluntant to roll out large fiscal stimulus, the chances of 'its fiscal stimulus meeting market expectations' is small. 

On Singapore

Singapore banks will benefit from fewer Fed rate cuts in 2025. However, I do not have any position in SG banks, besides my SRS position in STI ETF. And, I am not keen to buy SG banks at current prices. 

I also wonder what's Singapore interest rate will be like, given that most countries may cut rates in 2025 to counter lower economic growth. 

Singapore economic growth is likely to be slower, compared to 2025, esp if Trump imposed flat tariffs on imports from all countries which will have negative effect on Singapore (which is an export-oriented economy).